數控車床加工是一種高精度、更高效的自動化機床用電子信息控制部件和刀具位移的機械加工方法。是解決航天工程商品零部件等品種轉變、批量小、形狀繁雜、精度高難題，實現高效自動化加工的有效途徑。下面毅鑫五金給大家分享下數控車床加工的方法分類，一起來了解下吧。

數控車床加工的方法分類

依據工藝用途分類：

1、一般(ban)的數控車(che)床加(jia)工。這類數控車(che)床加(jia)工與傳統通用(yong)車(che)床加(jia)工相同，有(you)數控車(che)床、銑床、鏜孔(kong)、打(da)孔(kong)、磨床等機(ji)械加(jia)工方法，這類數控車(che)床加(jia)工技術可能(neng)和通用(yong)機(ji)床類似，不同的是能(neng)夠(gou)加(jia)工繁雜外形的零件。

2、cnc車(che)(che)床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。這類(lei)數(shu)控車(che)(che)床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要在一般數(shu)控車(che)(che)床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的基礎上發(fa)展起來的。它(ta)是一種(zhong)帶自動(dong)對刀(dao)裝(zhuang)置的數(shu)控車(che)(che)床(又稱為(wei)多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序數(shu)控車(che)(che)床或鏜銑加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin)，一般稱之(zhi)為(wei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心(xin))，使(shi)數(shu)控車(che)(che)床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進一步向自動(dong)化(hua)和高效性方(fang)面發(fa)展。

3、多座標(biao)數(shu)控(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。一些形(xing)狀繁雜的零件(jian)，不能(neng)用三(san)坐標(biao)數(shu)控(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，如螺旋(xuan)槳、飛機曲面零件(jian)等，必須三(san)個以(yi)上座標(biao)的合(he)成運動才能(neng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)出(chu)所(suo)需的形(xing)狀。因此(ci)出(chu)現多座標(biao)數(shu)控(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，特(te)點是數(shu)控(kong)裝(zhuang)置控(kong)制的軸(zhou)數(shu)較多，車床(chuang)(chuang)構造也比較復雜，其軸(zhou)數(shu)一般取決于加(jia)(jia)工(gong)零件(jian)的制作工(gong)藝規定。

依據數控車床的運動(dong)軌跡分類:

1、點(dian)位(wei)控制數(shu)控車(che)床加(jia)工。這類數(shu)控車(che)床加(jia)工的(de)數(shu)控裝置(zhi)(zhi)只(zhi)能控制車(che)床移(yi)動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件從一個位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)精確(que)挪動(dong)(dong)到另一個位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，即只(zhi)能控制行(xing)程終點(dian)的(de)坐標(biao)值，在移(yi)動(dong)(dong)過程中不做出任何切割。對(dui)于2個有(you)關(guan)點(dian)之(zhi)間的(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)速度和路經，取(qu)決于生(sheng)產率(lv)。想要在精準定位(wei)的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)有(you)盡(jin)量強的(de)生(sheng)產率(lv)，2個有(you)關(guan)點(dian)之(zhi)間移(yi)動(dong)(dong)首先通過快速移(yi)動(dong)(dong)到貼近新位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)，隨后減少1-3級，使之(zhi)慢速貼近選(xuan)擇(ze)點(dian)，確(que)保其定位(wei)精度。

2、點(dian)(dian)位直(zhi)線(xian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)。這(zhe)類數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)時(shi)，不但(dan)要控(kong)(kong)(kong)制2個(ge)(ge)有關(guan)點(dian)(dian)之間(jian)位置(zhi)，還(huan)要控(kong)(kong)(kong)制2個(ge)(ge)有關(guan)點(dian)(dian)之間(jian)的移(yi)(yi)動(dong)速度和路(lu)經。路(lu)經一(yi)般(ban)由與各(ge)軸平行的直(zhi)線(xian)段構成(cheng)。與點(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)的區(qu)別在于，當車(che)(che)床(chuang)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)部(bu)件(jian)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)時(shi)，能夠沿(yan)坐標軸方向(一(yi)般(ban)可(ke)以(yi)沿(yan)45°斜(xie)杠切(qie)(qie)割，但(dan)不能沿(yan)任(ren)何斜(xie)率直(zhi)線(xian)切(qie)(qie)割)切(qie)(qie)割，功能比點(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)多，如提升主軸轉(zhuan)速控(kong)(kong)(kong)制、循環走刀加(jia)工(gong)、刀具挑(tiao)選等。

3、輪廊控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)床加工(gong)。這類(lei)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)床加工(gong)的控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置能同時持續(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)兩個(ge)或兩個(ge)以上坐標軸。加工(gong)時，不但要控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)起點(dian)和(he)終點(dian)，還要控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)整(zheng)個(ge)加工(gong)中每個(ge)點(dian)的速度和(he)位置，使數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)床加工(gong)出符合(he)圖紙規定的復雜形狀(zhuang)零件(jian)。它功能會(hui)相對完整(zheng)。

按照(zhao)伺服系統的控制方(fang)式分類:

1、開(kai)環控(kong)制數控(kong)車床(chuang)加工(gong)。數控(kong)車床(chuang)加工(gong)在開(kai)環控(kong)制里(li)沒有檢驗反饋裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。數控(kong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)發信(xin)號(hao)的過程(cheng)是單(dan)向的，所以沒有系(xi)統穩定性難題(ti)。也(ye)正因為信(xin)號(hao)的單(dan)向過程(cheng)，它(ta)不(bu)檢查數控(kong)車床(chuang)挪動部件的實際位置(zhi)，因此數控(kong)車床(chuang)加工(gong)精度(du)不(bu)高，精度(du)完全取(qu)決于(yu)伺(si)(si)服(fu)系(xi)統性能。工(gong)作(zuo)過程(cheng)是:輸入(ru)數據(ju)(ju)根據(ju)(ju)數控(kong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)計算分(fen)配指令脈沖，根據(ju)(ju)伺(si)(si)服(fu)機構(伺(si)(si)服(fu)元件一般是步(bu)進電機)使被測操作(zuo)臺(tai)挪動。

2、閉環(huan)(huan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)。因為開環(huan)(huan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精度不符合精密數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)和大型(xing)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)需求，務(wu)必檢(jian)(jian)驗其實(shi)際工(gong)作位置。因此，在開環(huan)(huan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)上提升檢(jian)(jian)驗反饋裝置，并在加工(gong)過程中始終檢(jian)(jian)驗數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)挪動(dong)部件的(de)位置，使它與數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)裝置規定位置一致，以(yi)達(da)到高加工(gong)精度。

3、開環賠(pei)償數控(kong)車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)。開環控(kong)制數控(kong)車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)和閉環控(kong)制數控(kong)車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)的(de)特征有選(xuan)擇(ze)地集中(zhong)在一起(qi)，可以(yi)形成混和控(kong)制方(fang)案。大型數控(kong)車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)必(bi)須(xu)高(gao)進給(gei)速度(du)(du)和回到速率，必(bi)須(xu)非常高(gao)的(de)精(jing)度(du)(du)。如果只選(xuan)用全閉環控(kong)制，數控(kong)車(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)傳動(dong)鏈(lian)和操作臺(tai)都放在控(kong)制階(jie)段，要素很復雜，盡(jin)管安裝調(diao)試得多，但還是很難。為(wei)了防(fang)止(zhi)這些分歧，可以(yi)采取混和控(kong)制。

按數控設備分類::

1、硬線數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)床加(jia)工。這類數控(kong)(kong)機床的輸(shu)入、插進、操作、控(kong)(kong)制等(deng)服(fu)務也是通過(guo)集成(cheng)電路或分離元件(jian)達到的。一般(ban)來說，數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)床不(bu)同，控(kong)(kong)制電路也不(bu)同，因(yin)此系(xi)統實用性差(cha)，因(yin)為都是硬件(jian)，因(yin)此性能和靈活(huo)性差(cha)。

2、軟(ruan)線(xian)數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床加工。這類系統使用(yong)(yong)時、大型(xing)和(he)特大型(xing)集成(cheng)電路構成(cheng)數(shu)控(kong)裝(zhuang)置，或(huo)者由微機和(he)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)集成(cheng)芯片構成(cheng)。它(ta)的主要數(shu)控(kong)作用(yong)(yong)幾乎都是通過軟(ruan)件達到的。對(dui)于(yu)不同的數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床，只(zhi)需編制不同的軟(ruan)件，硬件幾乎可(ke)以(yi)通用(yong)(yong)。因(yin)此，靈活性和(he)適(shi)應(ying)性強，便于(yu)批量生產。模(mo)塊化(hua)軟(ruan)硬件提升了系統質量以(yi)及穩定性。因(yin)此，當代數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床應(ying)用(yong)(yong)數(shu)控(kong)裝(zhuang)置。

以上(shang)就是毅鑫五金給大家帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)關于“數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床加工的(de)方法分類”，希望(wang)可以幫到您！

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